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So what do they all do? Read on ...
Archived Article List
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Joomla's archive system is not very sophisticated. If you choose "Archived Article List" you'll be take a search form like this. All articles that have been archived can be found here.
Article Layout
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Article Layout is a fairly simple option: it links to the full text of one single article.
Article Submission Layout
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Article Submission Layout allows anyone who is at the "author" level and above to submit articles.
Category Blog Layout
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Category Blog Layout shows all the articles in one category. It shows them in a blog layout which means that you can use the "Read More" link to split the articles and show only teaser text.
Category List Layout
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Notice that the articles in this Category List Layout are identical to those in Category Blog Layout above. The important difference is that they're shown in a list and people have to click on the article titles to read the text.
Front Page Blog Layout
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This is very, very similar to Section Blog Layout and Category Blog Layout. Really the only difference is that the articles come from Content >> Frontpage Manager rather than from just one section or category.
Section Blog Layout
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Section Blog Layout shows all the articles in one category. It shows them in a blog layout which means that you can use the "Read More" link to split the articles and show only teaser text.
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Section Layout shows all of the categories in one section. Click on the category name and you'll be taken to a Category Blog Layout page (see above).